BRANCHING  (1)

I. THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS

In C++, a conditional structure supported by two basic commands, i.e. if and switch. If the command form has several variations as follows:

a.  if the first Form

Syntactic structure if the first has the following form:

If (kondisi) { Pernyataan }

 

The first form is read:

Jika kondisi benar, maka kerjakan pernyataan

The first form is the form of the command if the simplest. In this form, the statement will be executed if the condition is true. The value of true in the language C++ stated in a value of 1 (one), while the value of any declared with a value of 0 (zero).

b. the second form if

If (kondisi) { Pernyataan; } Else { Pernyataan lain; }

Syntactic structure if both have the following form:

Jika kondisi benar, maka kerjakan pernyataan

Jika tidak, kerjakan pernyataan lain

In the second form, if the condition is true, then working on the statement. But if the condition is false, then the level of the other statements.

c. the form if a third (stacked)

If (kondis 1) { Pernyataan 1; } Else if (kondis 2) { Pernyataan 2; } .... Else { Pernyataan lain; }

Syntactic structure if the third if stacked has the following form:

Third form if it read:

Jika kondisi 1 benar, maka kerjakan pernyataan 1.

Jika tidak,

Jika kondisi 2 benar, maka kerjakan pernyataan 2.

Dst...

Jika tidak, kerjakan pernyataan lain.

This third form is an extension of the second form of if statement in which else there if more. This form is used to certify yangnlebih choice of the two. In this form there is also some some of the conditions that will be tested by the if command. If one of the conditions is true, then the pernyatan bersesuian with the statement to be executed. If the condition does not exist, then it will be working on the other statements.

I.              STEP EXPERIMENT AND DISCUSSION

a single Branching

     

#include <iostream.h> main() {     int umur;       cout << "Masukkan umurmu = ";       cin >> umur;       if umur >= 60;             cout<<"Halo Mbah...!!" <<endl;       cout << "Jadi umurmu" << umur << "tahun"; }

Program IV-1

After compile going on Error message that statement missing on

if umur >=60; 

After repairs at if age > = 60; be if (age > = 60) produce the following values filled in several times with age.

      Results Program IV-1

      Program IV-2

cout  <<  "Salam buat cucumu ya  " <<endl;

Added the following line

cout<<"Halo Mbah...!!" <<endl;

After the following line

 Always result in additional comments for age is not as desirable as there are 2 different statement so that it can not only use one formatting.        

#include <iostream.h> main() {    int umur;      cout << "Masukkan umurmu = ";      cin >> umur;      if (umur < 60)      cout<<"Halo Mbah...!!" <<endl;      if (umur >=60)      cout<< "Salam buat cucumu ya  " <<endl;      cout << "Jadi umurmu" << umur << "tahun"; }

The following is the correct program.

      Results Program IV-2

     

#include <iostream.h> main() {    int tahun, umur;      cout << "Masukkan kelahiranmu = ";      cin >> tahun;      umur = 2009-tahun;      cout << "Unmurmu\t" << umur << "tahun\n";      if (umur <17)            cout<<"kamu belum sweet seventeen\n";            cout << "belum cukup umur\n"; }

Program IV-3

                                                                                                                 

            At the time of mengcompile the program error that is incompatible with the Comment that you want. Because in the year stated on the program does not match the current year so that error, and the on error statement anyway so need to fix such as follows.

     

#include <iostream.h> main() {    int tahun, umur;      cout << "Masukkan kelahiranmu = ";      cin >> tahun;      umur = 2012-tahun;      cout << "Unmurmu\t" << umur << "tahun\n";      if (umur <17)            cout<<"kamu belum sweet seventeen\n";      if (umur <15)            cout << "belum cukup umur\n"; }

Program IV-3  

      Results Program IV-3 

a.            Branching IF-ELSE

            Program IV-4

#include <iostream.h> main() {      int N;        cout << "Masukkan nilai (0 s/d 100 = ";        cin >> N;        if (N >= 50)               cout << "Lulus";        else(N < 50)               cout << "Tidak Lulus"; }

 

After the compile Error message are as follows

Means there is a function of the program is lacking or incorrect, in the program there are 2 statements and there is one condition that the if-else here is the correct program.

#include <iostream.h> main() {      int N;        cout << "Masukkan nilai (0 s/d 100) = ";        cin >> N;        if (N >= 50)        {        cout << "Lulus";        }        else if (N < 50)        }        cout << "Tidak Lulus" ; }

 

      Results Program IV-4

b.      stratified Ramification : IF-ELSE-IF

      Program IV-5

#include <iostream.h> main() {    int N;      cout << "Masukkan nilai = ";      cin >> N;      cout << "Nilai huruf = ";      if (N >=80)            cout << "A";      if (N >=60)            cout << "B";      if (N >=40)            cout << "C";      if (N <40)            cout << "D"; }

 

On the Program, the result is not as it should because in this form there are some conditions, and this form is used to certify more than two choices so it must use the function if-else if this is the right program.

      stratified Ramification: IF-ELSE-IF (Benar)

#include <iostream.h> main() {     int N;       cout << "Masukkan nilai = ";       cin >> N;       cout << "Nilai huruf = ";       if (N >=80)             cout << "A";       else if (N >=60)             cout << "B";       else if (N >=40)             cout << "C";       else if (N <40)             cout << "D"; }

 

      Results stratified Ramification: IF-ELSE-IF (Benar)

       flowchart from Program IV-5

Tidak

B

Ya

SELESAI

Flowchart :

Mulai

C

Ya

D

Ya

Else ifN<40

Tidak

Else if N>= 40

A

Tidak

Tidak

Ya

Else if N>= 60

If N>=80

Masukkan Nilai N

      Program IV-6

      Kondisi kombinational

#include <iostream.h> main() {     int N;       cout << "Masukkan nilai = ";       cin >> N;       cout << "Nilai huruf = ";       if (N >=80&&N<100)             cout << "A";       if (N >=60&&N<80)             cout << "B";       if (N >= 40&&N<60)             cout << "C";       if (N >=0&&N<40)             cout << "D"; }

 

      Results Program IV-6

      flowchart from Program IV-6

SELESAI

If N>= 40&& N<40

C

If N>0&&N<40

D

B

If N>= 60 &&  N<80

A

If N>=80&&N<100

Flowchart :

Masukkan nilai N

Mulai

task

     

# include <stdio.h> # include <math.h> # include <iostream.h> main() { int N; float C, F, suhu ; cout <<"===========+<KONVERSI SUHU>+===========\n"; cout <<    "(Celsius - Fahrenheit & Fahrenheit - Celsius)\n"; cout << "   \n"; cout <<"Silahkan Masukan Suhu yang Akan di Konversi : "; cin >> suhu; cout <<"1. Konversi Celcius ke Fahrenheit\n"; cout <<"2. Konversi Fahrenheit ke Celcius\n"; cout<<"Masukkan Konversi Pilihan Anda : "; cin >> N; if (N==1) { F = 9.00/5.00*suhu + 32; cout << "   \n"; cout << "Hasil Konversi ke Fahrenheit ="<<F; } else { C = (suhu-32)/1.80; cout << "   \n"; cout << "Hasil Konversi ke Celcius ="<<C; } }

Menu : Temperature Conversion Program

Results Temperature Conversion Program

Task 2

       flowchart from Temperature Conversion Program

Flowchart :

MULAI

Masukkan nilai suhu

pilihan menu

C ke F

F=9.00/5.00*suhu+32

C=(suhu-32)/1.80

F

C

C=Celcius F=Fahrenhiet

F ke C

Selesai

 

II.                Conclude

i. There are two basic command structure is conditional, i.e. IF and switch.

ii. the syntactic Structure can be divided into three forms, namely if, if-else, and if-else if,

 If the first form of the statement will be executed if the condition is true.

 If the second form In the second form, if the condition is true, then working on the statement. But if the condition is false, then the other dikejakan statements.

 If third form, this Form is used to certify yangnlebih choice of the two. In this form there is also some some of the conditions that will be tested by the if command. If one of the conditions is true, then the pernyatan bersesuian with the statement to be executed. If the condition does not exist, then it will be working on the other statements.

iii. Flowchart is a sequence of processes in the system by showing media tool input, output and the type of storage medium in the process of data processing. Flowchart is also a sequence of instructions that is described with a specific symbol to solve problems in a program.

iv. some basic things that should be/needs to be considered for menyususn a good flow charts:

-Have an arrow indicating the direction of the series to find out process flow

-Each set has a clear understanding of the limitations/

-Must have a symbol-symbol indicating the decision for "Yes" and "no" or other expressions to reject and accept.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                       

III.             REFERENSI

Ø  Modul Praktikum Dasar Pemrograman Kartika Firdausy, S.T.,M.T

Ø  http://blog.uin-malang.ac.id/cahyono/2010/10/04/flowchart